^*While every chemical listed may not be found in all e-cigarettes, studies have identified at least 10 known carcinogens commonly found in e-cigarette aerosol (“Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes,” Tobacco Control 6 March 2013, “Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol,” PLoS ONE 20 March 2013, and “Use of electronic cigarettes impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 29 November 2013).